What enables mycelia to penetrate wood and destroy it?

Mycelia, which are the vegetative part of fungi, have the ability to penetrate and decompose wood primarily due to the production of enzymes. These enzymes are specialized proteins that fungi secrete into their surroundings to break down complex organic materials into simpler substances. In the context of wood decay, the enzymes target cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are the primary components of wood. By breaking down these materials, the mycelia can obtain the nutrients necessary for their growth, effectively leading to the destruction of the wood structure.

This enzymatic activity is a critical process in nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as it allows fungi to decompose wood and return essential nutrients to the soil. Other options listed do not play a direct role in the decay process of wood by mycelia. Chlorophyll, for example, is important for photosynthesis in plants but is not relevant to fungi's wood-decaying capabilities. Acids and fibers do not significantly contribute to the penetration and destruction of wood by fungi. Hence, enzymes are pivotal for mycelial invasion and degradation of wood.